Refreshing rust knowledge

0000_notes.txt

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-
-# Building for example a lib such as "rust-syslog" - This needs exec privilege on the target partition.
-cargo build
-
-# Add external !built! crate
-rustc -L /home/extern/path asd.rs
-
-rustc asd.rs --extern /home/path/lib

README.me

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+Similar as Python notes, these are practical examples that help reminding logic, optimization, syntax and security related topics.
+
+General code folder: consist of basic code examples of standard rust.
+Smart contract code folder: consist of Rust based smart contract code.

general_code/0000_notes.txt

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+
+# Building for example a lib such as "rust-syslog" - This needs exec privilege on the source partition.
+cargo build
+
+# Add external !built! crate
+rustc -L /home/extern/path asd.rs
+
+rustc asd.rs --extern /home/path/lib
+
+# Install cargo audit
+cargo install cargo-audit
+
+# Clippy warnings check
+rustup update
+rustup component add clippy
+cargo clippy
+# cargo clippy --fix
+

general_code/031_functions.rs

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+fn main() {
+
+    fn answer_to_life_the_universe_and_everything() -> i32 {
+        return 42;
+    }
+
+    #[warn(overflowing_literals)]
+    fn another_function(x: i32) {
+        println!("The value of x is: {}", x);
+    }
+
+answer_to_life_the_universe_and_everything();
+
+another_function(6);
+
+//// On x86 (32-bit, 4-byte):
+//    - 0x00000000 ->  0
+//    - 0xffffffff -> -1
+//    - 0x7fffffff ->  2147483647 (INT_MAX)
+//    - 0x80000000 -> -2147483648 (INT_MIN)
+
+//    0x00000001 + 0x00000002 = 0x00000003 ( 1 + 2 = 3)
+//    0xffffffff + 0x00000002 = 0x00000001 (-1 + 2 = 1)
+//    0xffffffff + 0xfffffffe = 0xfffffffd (-1 +-2 =-3)
+
+//another_function(2147483648);
+}

general_code/050_cli_clap.rs

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+// clap = "3.0.0-beta.5"
+extern crate clap;
+
+use clap::{Arg, App};
+
+fn main() {
+    let app = App::new("hello-clap");
+    let iternum = Arg::with_name("n")
+        .long("num")
+        .takes_value(true)
+        .help("You need to specify the max number of iterations.")
+        .required(true);
+
+   let funcatk = Arg::with_name("f")
+        .long("func")
+        .takes_value(true)
+        .help("You need to specify the function to attack.")
+        .required(true);
+
+   let contractf = Arg::with_name("c")
+        .long("contract")
+        .takes_value(true)
+        .help("You need to specify the contract file's name.")
+        .required(true);
+
+    let app = app.arg(iternum);
+    let app = app.arg(funcatk);
+    let app = app.arg(contractf);
+
+    let matches = app.get_matches();
+
+    let iternumout = matches.value_of("iternum")
+        .expect("Required option.");
+    let funcatkout = matches.value_of("funcatk")
+        .expect("Required option.");
+    let contractfout = matches.value_of("contractf")
+        .expect("Required option.");
+
+    println!("Your options are: {} {} {}!", iternumout, funcatkout, contractfout);
+}

general_code/Cargo.toml

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+[package]
+name = "Rust_Examples_and_Notes"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]

general_code/src/main.rs

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+fn main() {
+
+    //// 000_println.rs
+    println!("Printed text.");
+    print!("No new line.");
+
+
+    //// 010_add_distract_math_literal_operator.rs
+    //https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/primitives/literals.html
+    println!("1 + 2 = {}", 1u32 + 2);
+    println!("1 + 2 = {}", 32 + 2);
+
+    println!("1 - 2 = {}", 1i32 - 2);
+    //println!("1 - 2 = {}", 1u32 - 2); // panic because of overflow, program halts !!
+
+    // Short-circuiting boolean logic
+    println!("true AND false is {}", true && false);
+    println!("true OR false is {}", true || false);
+    println!("NOT true is {}", !true);
+
+    // Bitwise operations
+    println!("0011 AND 0101 is {:04b}", 0b0011u32 & 0b0101);
+    println!("0011 OR 0101 is {:04b}", 0b0011u32 | 0b0101);
+    println!("0011 XOR 0101 is {:04b}", 0b0011u32 ^ 0b0101);
+    println!("1 << 5 is {}", 1u32 << 5);
+    println!("0x80 >> 2 is 0x{:x}", 0x80u32 >> 2);
+
+    // Use underscores to improve readability!
+    println!("One million is written as {}", 1_000_000u32);
+
+    reverse((1,true));
+    tuplez();
+
+}
+
+
+//// 020_tuples.rs
+// https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/primitives/tuples.html
+
+// Tuples can be used as function arguments and as return values
+fn reverse(pair: (i32, bool)) -> (bool, i32) {
+    // `let` can be used to bind the members of a tuple to variables
+    let (integer, boolean) = pair;
+
+    (boolean, integer)
+}
+
+// The following struct is for the activity.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Matrix(f32, f32, f32, f32);
+
+fn tuplez() {
+
+    // ---------- //
+
+    // A tuple with a bunch of different types
+    let long_tuple = (1u8, 2u16, 3u32, 4u64,
+                      -1i8, -2i16, -3i32, -4i64,
+                      0.1f32, 0.2f64,
+                      'a', true);
+
+    // Values can be extracted from the tuple using tuple indexing
+    println!("long tuple first value: {}", long_tuple.0);
+    println!("long tuple second value: {}", long_tuple.1);
+
+    // ---------- //
+
+    // Tuples can be tuple members
+    let tuple_of_tuples = ((1u8, 2u16, 2u32), (4u64, -1i8), -2i16);
+
+    // Tuples are printable
+    println!("tuple of tuples: {:?}", tuple_of_tuples); // !! {:?} is useful also for debugging
+    
+    // But long Tuples cannot be printed !!
+    // let too_long_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13);
+    // println!("too long tuple: {:?}", too_long_tuple);
+    // TODO ^ Uncomment the above 2 lines to see the compiler error
+
+    let pair = (1, true);
+    println!("pair is {:?}", pair);
+
+    println!("the reversed pair is {:?}", reverse(pair));
+
+    // To create one element tuples, the comma is required to tell them apart
+    // from a literal surrounded by parentheses
+    println!("one element tuple: {:?}", (5u32,));
+    println!("just an integer: {:?}", (5u32));
+
+    //tuples can be destructured to create bindings
+    let tuple = (1, "hello", 4.5, true);
+
+    let (a, b, c, d) = tuple;
+    println!("{:?}, {:?}, {:?}, {:?}", a, b, c, d);
+
+    let matrix = Matrix(1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2);
+    println!("{:?}", matrix);
+
+}
+

smart_contract_code/Cargo.toml

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+[package]
+name = "flipper"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Test user and mail"]
+edition = "2018"
+resolver = "2"
+
+[dependencies]
+ink_primitives = { version = "3.0.0-rc7", default-features = false }
+ink_metadata = { version = "3.0.0-rc7", default-features = false, features = ["derive"], optional = true }
+ink_env = { version = "3.0.0-rc7", default-features = false }
+ink_storage = { version = "3.0.0-rc7", default-features = false }
+ink_lang = { version = "3.0.0-rc7", default-features = false }
+
+scale = { package = "parity-scale-codec", version = "2.1", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] }
+scale-info = { version = "1.0.0", default-features = false, features = ["derive"], optional = true }
+
+[lib]
+name = "flipper"
+path = "lib.rs"
+crate-type = [
+	# Used for normal contract Wasm blobs.
+	"cdylib",
+]
+
+# Needed until https://github.com/paritytech/ink/issues/364 is resolved.
+[profile.release]
+overflow-checks = false
+
+[features]
+default = ["std"]
+std = [
+    "ink_metadata/std",
+    "ink_env/std",
+    "ink_storage/std",
+    "ink_primitives/std",
+    "scale/std",
+    "scale-info/std",
+]
+ink-as-dependency = []

smart_contract_code/info.md

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+
+# https://docs.substrate.io/tutorials/v3/ink-workshop/pt1/#running-a-substrate-smart-contracts-node
+# https://github.com/paritytech/ink/blob/v3.0.0-rc5/examples/flipper/lib.rs
+
+> cargo install cargo-contract --vers ^0.16 --force --locked
+> cargo contract new flipper
+
+> cd Rust_Examples_and_Notes/smart_contract_code
+> cargo +nightly test
+> cargo +nightly contract build