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GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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# LWHP
Linux and Windows Hardening Points
Hardening guides can never be complete as every system needs a different configuration. Consideration it when using these documents and take the points written in this repository as guidelines.

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Linux Hardening Points and ideas
License: GNU Free Documentation License - Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 (for details, see LICENSE.txt)
Author: 51x
=========
Debian hardening points for workstations
- While installing, set up LVM with LUKS encryption (/boot cannot be encrypted, you can keep it on a pendrive or a cryptostick)
- Recommended mount options (add "discard" for SSD):
/home rw,nodev,nouser,noexec,nosuid
/tmp rw,nodev,noexec,nouser,nosuid
/var/tmp rw,nodev,noexec,nouser,nosuid
/var rw,nodev,nouser,nosuid
# /var could be noexec too, but it would break apt that way.
- Hide processes that the user don't need to see (fstab too)
proc /proc proc defaults,hidepid=2 0 0
- Configure auto update to run everyday (on Debian "unattended-upgrades", on Ubuntu you can do it with Software Center settings)
https://wiki.debian.org/UnattendedUpgrades
- Remove unnecessary programs (eg. avahi-daemon and rpcbind)
netstat -tulnp # Check listening apps and if not needed remove them
apt-get remove avahi-daemon # "remove" will keep config files, purge deletes everythin!
- Disable USB Mass Storages if you don't need them
echo "blacklist usb-storage" | tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
update-initramfs -u
- Use apparmor for stricter privileges.
# https://wiki.debian.org/AppArmor/HowToUse
# https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/apparmor.html
apt-get update
apt-get install apparmor apparmor-profiles apparmor-utils apparmor-profiles-extra apparmor-easyprof -y
sed -i -e 's/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="/&security=apparmor /' /etc/default/grub
sed -e 's/GRUB_TIMEOUT=5/GRUB_TIMEOUT=1/' /etc/default/grub
update-grub
- Setup auditd if you'd like. You can also send the logs to remote syslog-ng. Example audit.rules for EXEC logs:
-a exit,always -F arch=b64 -F euid=0 -S execve
-a exit,always -F arch=b32 -F euid=0 -S execve
=====
Kernel
- If you are compiling the kernel you may want ideas from:
https://kernsec.org/wiki/index.php/Kernel_Self_Protection_Project/Recommended_Settings
- Sysctl hardening options
echo '''kernel.dmesg_restrict=1\nkernel.kptr_restrict=1\nkernel.kexec_load_disabled=1\nkernel.yama.ptrace_scope=1\nuser.max_user_namespaces=0''' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
=====
Firewall
- Disable IPv6
echo 'blacklist ipv6' >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist
echo net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1 > /etc/sysctl.d/disableipv6.conf
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6
- Configure firewall to DROP everything by default and allow only manadotory connections for root and the first user. For IPv4.
#!/bin/bash
IPT=/sbin/iptables
$IPT -F
$IPT -F -t nat
$IPT -X
$IPT -N Allower
$IPT -A OUTPUT -j Allower
$IPT -A Allower -m owner --uid-owner 0 -j ACCEPT
$IPT -A Allower -m owner --uid-owner 1000 -j ACCEPT
$IPT -A INPUT --in-interface lo -j ACCEPT
$IPT -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
$IPT -P OUTPUT DROP
$IPT -P INPUT DROP
$IPT -P FORWARD DROP
- Additional firewall hardening: match UID and only allow the users that really need network. The following example is DNS server ACCEPT.
$IPT -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner 112 -d 185.121.177.177 -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
=====
Remote management
- For enterprise, configure central management (eg. puppy, cf-engine or similar), that makes sure all users have the same config.
- SSH for remote management if needed, example settings:
Port 1234
ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
PermitRootLogin without-password # Use keys!
PermitEmptyPasswords no
PasswordAuthentication no # Generate your SSH key with a password!
AllowUsers user1 user2 # No other users will be allowed
X11Forwarding no
PermitTunnel no
GatewayPorts no # Note that it won't allow port forawrding!
=====
Browser basics
- Use the following extenstions for FireFox:
NoScript
HTTPS Everywhere
Privacy Badger
- Use the following extenstions for Chromium:
ScriptBlock
HTTPS Everywhere
Privacy Badger
You can also use privoxy in the place of Privacy Badger: https://www.privoxy.org/
Know that allowing javascript exposes you to hardcore tracking (eg. javascript audio API fingerprinting which is used by several big sites).
=========
Gentoo hardening points
Gentoo + musl + openrc or runit + luks (or zfs native enc) + zfs + apparmor or selinux
Plus CACert and repobuilds.

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####
#### This script will be removed as grsecurity is not free anymore.
####
## Setting up grsec
## License: GNU Free Documentation License - Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 (for details, see LICENSE.txt)
#
## Preparation
## https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Grsecurity/Obtaining_grsecurity
#
#echo "Check script and the comments before running!"
#sleep 9999
#
#
#GRSEC="grsecurity-3.1-4.5.7-201606080852.patch"
#GRSEC_SIGN="grsecurity-3.1-4.5.7-201606080852.patch.sig"
#
#GRADM="gradm-3.1-201603152148.tar.gz"
#GRADM_SIGN="gradm-3.1-201603152148.tar.gz.sig"
#
#KERNEL="linux-4.5.7.tar.gz"
#KERNEL_SIGN="linux-4.5.7.tar.sign"
#
## Create and use an empty folder for transparency.
#mkdir grsec_compile
#cd grsec_compile
#
## Download grsecurity
#wget http://grsecurity.net/stable/$GRSEC
#wget http://grsecurity.net/stable/$GRSEC_SIGN
#
## Download gradm
#wget http://grsecurity.net/stable/$GRADM
#wget http://grsecurity.net/stable/$GRADM_SIGN
#
## Download kernel source
#wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/$KERNEL
#wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/$KERNEL_SIGN
#
## Check the signatures (use tab for full filename)
#gpg --verify $GRSEC_SIGN
#gpg --verify $GRADM_SIGN
#gunzip $KERNEL
#gpg --verify $KERNEL_SIGN
#
#echo "Downloads and verifications finished."
#sleep 5
#
## Configure and make kernel
## https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Grsecurity/Configuring_and_Installing_grsecurity
##
## Note: for configuration and installing, additional packages are required. On debian 8 you can use the following:
## eg. apt-get update && apt-get install kernel-common linux-headers-amd64 gcc make libncurses5-dev fakeroot gcc-4.9-plugin-dev dpkg-dev
##
#tar -xf $KERNEL
#cd linux-*
#patch -p1 < ../$GRSEC
#
#
#echo '''
#Now we need to configure the kernel. Note the following:
# - You need to turn on "grsecurity" in "Security" menu.
# - You can use the automatic configuration of grsec (options are server and desktop).
# - When ready, press enter'''
#read
#
#make menuconfig
#export CONCURRENCY_LEVEL=3 # Assuming you want to compile with 2 cores.
#fakeroot make deb-pkg -j 3 # Assuming you want to compile with 2 cores. If you have more, change the value of -j.
#
#
## RBAC
#cd ..
#tar xzf $GRADM
#cd gradm
#
#echo "Now you can run the make command."
#
## make # with non-root user or use the next command to make it work.
##make nopam # without pam support
#
##make install
#
## In case of problem with shutdown subject: just comment the line out in rbac config. At least that worked last time.

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# Windows 8 and Windows 10 hardening
# License: GNU Free Documentation License - Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 (for details, see LICENSE.txt)
=====
Windows 8 and Windows 10 hardening
0.0 Install the system offline and make the possible setting offline, starting with the firewall.
0.1 Turn off "Automatic Proxy" settings. It allows WPAD and your NTLM hashes can get stolen easily (eg. responder.py).
1. Windows firewall, white listing of applications allowed to communicate out.
2. Disable not needed services. Note: make sure BITS works or you won't be able to update Windows.
3. AppLocker configuration, preferably with cert based limits - dll based makes the system too slow.
4. Disable the automatic leaking of NetNTLM hashes of any user by lnk/url files (see "References" for the fix and note that, if the link is opened it may still leak).
5. Disable powershell for standard users with applocker. You can also try the powershell restrictions, but these are easy to bypass.
6. EMET for antiexploitation (take time to configure the applications, don't just use the default ones).
7. Install applications with different users for application separation.
8. Do not install applications with elevated privileges.
9. No antivirus or similar "security product" for experienced users - these often pose higher risks, list below. For standard users, it may worth thinking about it.
10. If you use the computer for browsing, make sure the browser is hardened (eg. NoScript, Request Policy..etc)
=====
Important practices in order to stay secure
- Never use an account with admin privileges for general use (eg. web browsing).
- Always verify the checksums of software being installed.
- If the software source that needs to be run or installed can't be verified by checksums, try uploading them to antivirus communities (eg. VirusTotal) and check the results. Note that many AV software still use MD5 which can be poisoned.
Note for privacy: enterprise version of Windows is preferred. The "home" editions leak more data and have more bloatware preinstalled.
=====
References
AppLocker https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd759117.aspx
EMET https://microsoft.com/emet/
Obscure fix for NetNTML leaking by lnk/url: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/968389
Browser "security" https://securityinabox.org/en/guide/firefox/windows
=====
Why AVs often pose higher risks:
ESET Nod32 Exploit: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/12529/
Avast Command Execution: https://code.google.com/p/google-security-research/issues/detail?id=546
Malwarebytes Remote Code Exec: https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/windows/browser/malwarebytes_update_exec
Malwarebytes DoS: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35842/
McAfee with poorly written auth: https://github.com/tfairane/HackStory/blob/master/McAfeePrivesc.md
...and so on.

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# The list is unfortunately not full. If you really don't want Microsoft track you, stop using their software - use Linux.
# Disable all networking except for programs you need it for.
# Alternatively try these and use a good firewall, don't allow unwanted sites.
# Uninstall tracking updates:
wusa /uninstall /kb:3083710 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3083711 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3065988 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3083325 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3083324 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:2976978 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3075853 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3065987 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3050265 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3050267 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3075851 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:2902907 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3068708 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3022345 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:2952664 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:2990214 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3035583 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3021917 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3044374 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3046480 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3075249 /quiet /norestart
wusa /uninstall /kb:3080149 /quiet /norestart
# Stop tracking Services:
sc stop DiagTrack
sc stop dmwappushservice
sc delete DiagTrack
sc delete dmwappushservice
# Or Windows behind a firewall and block Microsoft...